Japanese Particles へ, と, から and まで Explained

After は, が, を, に and で, these four particles round out the essentials for building clear, natural sentences. They add direction, connection and range to what you can say.

へ (e) — direction

Marks the direction of movement, similar to に for destinations: 東京へ行く (head toward Tokyo). As a particle, へ is pronounced “e”, not “he”.

と (to) — “and” / “with”

Joins nouns (“and”) and marks a companion (“with”): パンと卵 (bread and eggs), 友達と行く (go with a friend). It also marks quotations: 「はい」と言った (said “yes”).

から (kara) — “from” / “because”

Marks a starting point in time or place, and also means “because”: 9時から (from 9 o'clock), 駅から歩く (walk from the station), 寒いから (because it's cold).

まで (made) — “until” / “to”

Marks an end point: 5時まで (until 5 o'clock), 駅まで歩く (walk to the station). から and まで pair naturally: 月曜から金曜まで (from Monday to Friday), 9時から5時まで (from 9 to 5).

Practice tip

Practise から…まで together to describe your daily schedule (“from 6 to 7 I study”, “from Monday to Saturday I work”). Combining these particles quickly gives your sentences range and precision.

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