Bowing in Japan: A Simple Guide

Bowing (お辞儀 / ojigi) expresses greeting, thanks, apology and respect. You don''t need to be perfect — sincerity matters most.

The main types

• Eshaku (~15°) — a light bow for casual greetings and passing acquaintances.
• Keirei (~30°) — a standard respectful bow for customers and business.
• Saikeirei (~45°) — a deep bow for sincere apology or deep gratitude.

How to bow well

• Bend from the waist with a straight back.
• Keep hands at your sides (men) or clasped in front (women), by common convention.
• Pause briefly at the bottom.

As a learner

A small, sincere bow paired with a polite phrase (ありがとうございます, よろしくお願いします) is always appropriate. When in doubt, mirror the other person.

You''ll pick up the nuances naturally by observing and participating.